Caudata

Amphiumidae Amphiuma means Two-toed Amphiuma

Cryptobranchidae Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis Eastern Hellbender [SC]

Proteidae Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog [SC] Necturus maculosus maculosus Common Mudpuppy [SC] Necturus punctatus Dwarf Waterdog

Sirenidae Siren intermedia intermedia Eastern Lesser Siren Siren lacertina Greater Siren

Salamandridae Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens Red-spotted Newt N. v. dorsalis Broken-striped Newt

Plethodontidae Aneides aeneus Green Salamander [E] Desmognathus aeneus Seepage Salamander Desmognathus auriculatus* Southern Dusky Salamander Desmognathus carolinensis Carolina Mountain Dusky Salamander Desmognathus conanti Spotted Dusky Salamander Desmognathus fuscus* Northern Dusky Salamander Desmognathus imitator Imitator Salamander Desmognathus marmoratus Shovel-nosed Salamander Desmognathus monticola monticola Appalachian Seal Salamander Desmognathus ocoee Ocoee Salamander Desmognathus orestes Blue Ridge Dusky Salamander Desmognathus quadramaculatus Black-bellied Salamander Desmognathus santeetlah Santeetlah Dusky Salamander Desmognathus wrighti Pigmy Salamander Eurycea cirrigera* Southern Two-lined Salamander Eurycea guttolineata Three-lined Salamander Eurycea junaluska Junaluska Salamander [T] Eurycea l. longicauda Long-tailed Salamander [SC] Eurycea n. sp. "Sandhills Eurycea" Eurycea quadridigitata* Dwarf Salamander [SC] Eurycea cf. quadridigitata* n. sp. "Carolina Dwarf Sal." Eurycea wilderae* Blue Ridge Two-lined Salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus danielsi* Blue Ridge Spring Salamander G. p. dunni* Carolina Spring Salamander Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander [SC] Plethodon aureolus Tellico Salamander Plethodon chattahoochee Chattahoochee Slimy Salamander Plethodon chlorobryonis Atlantic Coastal Slimy Salamander Plethodon cinereus Eastern Red-backed Salamander Plethodon cylindraceus White-spotted Slimy Salamander Plethodon glutinosus Northern Slimy Salamander Plethodon jordani Jordan's Salamander Plethodon longicrus* Crevice Salamander [SC] Plethodon metcalfi Southern Gray-cheeked Salamander Plethodon richmondi Southern Ravine Salamander Plethodon serratus Southern Red-backed Salamander Plethodon shermani Red-legged Salamander Plethodon teyahalee Southern Appalachian Salamander Plethodon ventralis (formerly dorsalis) Southern Zigzag Salamander [SC] Plethodon wehrlei Wehrle's Salamander [T] Plethodon welleri ventromaculatus Spotbelly Salamander [SC] P. w. welleri Weller's Salamander [SC] Plethodon yonahlossee* Yonahlossee Salamander Pseudotriton montanus montanus Eastern Mud Salamander Pseudotriton ruber* Red Salamander P. r. nitidus Blue Ridge Red Salamander P. r. ruber Northern Red Salamander P. r. schencki Black-chinned Red Salamander Stereochilus marginatus Many-lined Salamander

Salientia (Anura)

Pelobatidae Scaphiopus holbrookii Eastern Spadefoot

Bufonidae Bufo americanus americanus Eastern American Toad Bufo quercicus Oak Toad Bufo terrestris Southern Toad Bufo fowleri Fowler's Toad

Hylidae Acris crepitans crepitans Eastern Cricket Frog Acris gryllus gryllus Coastal Plain Cricket Frog Hyla andersonii Pine Barrens Treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis Cope's Gray Treefrog Hyla cinerea Green Treefrog Hyla femoralis Pine Woods Treefrog Hyla gratiosa Barking Treefrog Hyla squirella Squirrel Treefrog Hyla versicolor Gray Treefrog Pseudacris brachyphona Mountain Chorus Frog [SC] Pseudacris brimleyi Brimley's Chorus Frog Pseudacris crucifer crucifer Northern Spring Peeper Pseudacris nigrita nigrita Striped Southern Chorus Frog Pseudacris ocularis Little Grass Frog Pseudacris ornata Ornate Chorus Frog Pseudacris feriarum feriarum Upland Chorus Frog

Microhylidae Gastrophryne carolinensis Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad

Ranidae Rana capito capito Carolina Gopher Frog [T] Rana catesbeiana American Bullfrog Rana clamitans clamitans Bronze Frog R. c. melanota Northern Green Frog Rana heckscheri River Frog [SC] Rana palustris Pickerel Frog Rana sphenocephala utricularia Southern Leopard Frog Rana sylvatica Wood Frog Rana virgatipes Carpenter Frog

*Taxonomic clarification needed within species as currently defined.

Legal Status in North Carolina:
[E] = Endangered
[T] = Threatened
[SC] = Special Concern

Bold type indicates changes to standard common or scientific names recommended by Crother (2000) publication.

References

Behler, John L., and F. Wayne King. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. Chanticleer Press, New York. 719 pp.

Conant, Roger, and J.T. Collins. 1998. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America. (3rd Ed., Expanded). Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. 616 pp.

Crother, Brian I. 2000. Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. SSAR Herpetological Circular No. 29. 82 pp.

Duellman, William E. 1999. Patterns of Distribution of Amphibians - A Global Perspective. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. 633 pp.

Highton, Richard, G.C. Maha, and L.R. Maxson. 1989. Biochemical evolution in the slimy salamanders of the Plethodon glutinous complex in the eastern United States. Illinois Biological Monographs 57, University of Illinois Press, Urbana and Chicago. 153 pp.

Martof, B.S., W.M. Palmer, J.R. Bailey, and J.R. Harrison, III. 1980. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Carolinas and Virginia. Univ. of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 264 pp.

N.C. State Museum of Natural Sciences' herpetological database and collections.

Petranka, James W. 1998. Salamanders of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. 587 pp.

Smith, Hobart M. 1978. Amphibians of North America. A Golden Field Guide, Western Publ. Co., Inc., Racine, Wisconsin. 160 pp.

Tilley, Stephen G., and M. J. Mahoney. 1996. Patterns of genetic differentiation in salamanders of the Desmognathus ochrophaeus complex (Amphibia: Plethodontidae). Herpetological Monographs 10:1-42.

Checklist updated June 11, 2004